The Problem Of Drug Addiction - 974 Words

When people think of diseases, what do they think of? Generally we think of heart disease, cancer, diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or COPD, etc†¦ One that people do not generally associate with the term â€Å"disease† is an addiction, whether a person is addicted to alcohol, methamphetamines, marijuana or over the counter drugs, people often have different sides to this. Some may say that an addiction is a disease; others say that an addiction is just a poor choice of a person’s life. The National Institute on Drug Abuse states that â€Å"†¦drug addiction is a complex disease, and quitting takes more than good intentions or a strong will. In fact, because drugs change the brain in ways that foster compulsive drug abuse, quitting is difficult, even for those who are ready to do so.† Many people think that a disease is something that is always labeled as one while others think that addiction is also a disease. While all people are entitle d to their own opinions, there is an answer that can be proven through substantial research. An addiction is a disease. Alcohol dates all the way back to 3500 B.C. and drugs dates back to 2500 B.C. so two very powerful things in the world today have been around for a very long time. People have had addiction to drugs and alcohol ever since they discovered that it was fun to do, or solve their problems and worries. An addiction takes place when there is a disease of the limbic part of the brain (Adam, â€Å"Your Brain On Drugs†). Ncra VolkowShow MoreRelatedThe Problem Of Drug Addiction1233 Words   |  5 PagesThis report will outline the problems of drug addiction that have arisen in the young teens and as well give possible solutions on how to overcome it. Drug addiction, increasing immensely in our society, is currently the biggest problem in young teens these days. Looking at the future of our country drowning in drugs is a big disappointment. To prevent drug addiction pa rents should guide their children into the right path, schools should promote healthy living, and the government should step forwardRead MoreDrug Addiction Problem1399 Words   |  6 PagesSolving the Problem of Drug Addiction 1.Drug abuse and addiction continues to be a global issue. According to the â€Å"United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime† (UNODC), about 5% of the global population used an illicit drug in 2010 alone, and about 27 million or 0.6 percent of the adult population of the world can be categorized as drug abusers. A7 2.This paper explores some of the measures that can be taken to resolve the drug addiction problem in the world. 3.Addressing various risk and protectiveRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction952 Words   |  4 Pagesperson initially taking drugs can vary and while the action itself is voluntary: the eventual drug addiction is essentially involuntary. Drug addiction is a complex and chronic disease, a brain disease, which changes the way the brain functions. Drug addiction, much like chronic illnesses such as heart disease and diabetes, disrupts healthy, normal functioning organs. This has harmful consequences that are both preventable and treatable (Branch, 2011, pp.263-265). Drug addiction is considered a brainRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction930 Words   |  4 Pagesconsumed alcohol, 15% have smoked cigarettes, and 16.5% have used marijuana. † A drug can be defined as a something which â€Å"alters your mind or body that is not food † which is something all of these substances have in common. There has been a massive increase in underage consumption of illegal substances in the last several decades. These substances which young people are using are known for being very addictive. Addiction is much more likely to occur when started at a young age and having more severeRead MoreThe Problems of Drug Addiction954 Words   |  4 PagesDrug addiction A reasonable number of people do not understand why other people get addicted to drugs. Some even associate drug abuse and addiction with lack of moral principles or willpower. People subscribing to this school of thought believe that drug addicts can stop using drugs by simply changing their behavior. They fail to realize that drug addiction is a complex disease whose eradication calls for many things other than changing habits. Drugs basically change the way a human brain worksRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction1796 Words   |  8 Pages Drug addiction has long been and still is a typical issue around the world. Jesmyn Ward writes about the effect of drug addiction in her community in DeLisle and the toll it took in her life and Rog’s life. There are different reason why people get addicted and various levels to which people become dependent on drugs, but the main thing I am going to be addressing is the multiple perspective on the causes for addiction. The ones I am going to explore are Low Income neighborhoods, social, financialRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction967 Words   |  4 PagesDrug addiction is an ever-growing problem faced in society and, although the government tries to take action to keep drugs off the streets, people of all social classes and backgrounds still fall victim to drug abuse. However, environmental situations can make an individual more susceptible: age, gender, location, genetics, family situations and the like can all be factors into an individuals’ drug habit. There are complications with picking the correct plan suited to a person. Each client is theirRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction1042 Words   |  5 PagesOPENING/ATTENTION: In reality, drug addiction is an unpredictable ailment, and stopping takes more than great goals or an in number will. Truth be told, because drugs change the mind in ways that cultivate compulsive drug misuse, stopping is troublesome, notwithstanding for the individuals why should prepared do as such The dependence on medications is a troublesome thing for any person to bargain with. Often, habit prompts the decay of a man s prosperity, budgetary security, and health. Drug addicts experienceRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction Essay2435 Words   |  10 Pagesgoing to solve your problems? According to NIH, the death rate caused by usage of heroin has been increased by triple of its number in the past 10 years. The purpose is to treat people; especially teenagers understanding its negative consequences it has on them before they get addicted to it. When the addiction starts addicts have no idea that they would be so in to it that there is no possible way to stop. Addiction is a chronic, weakened disease characterized by compulsive drug-seeking and use despiteRead MoreThe Problem Of Drug Addiction2110 Words   |  9 PagesMODEL(S) OF ADDICTION In going through the counseling process with Marge she was explained that there is the possibility that it could be a factor of genetics. When considering her background one has realized that she not only has an alcohol addiction, but it was the same for her father and her uncle, both of whom had lost their lives to the disease. In talking about the disease model with Marge she seemed to be more at ease with the situation and more willing to accept the fact that she does have

A Critique on Sharon Beatty’s Essay Free Essays

In her essay, Sharon Beatty provides useful insights for the dissertation supervisor as well as the doctoral student with respect to the nature of the supervisor-student relationship, the dissertation process, and early career development in publishing. The topics discussed in the said paper includes: (1) preparation for the dissertation in the American Education System; (2) Getting started; (3) stages of research; (4) supervision during the process; (5) the study and getting closure; (6) moving dissertation to journal articles; (7) dealing with the submission and review process; and (8) the next step. In the introduction, Beatty noted that the dissertation process can be enjoyable when all the ingredients are present and all procedures are followed to a T. We will write a custom essay sample on A Critique on Sharon Beatty’s Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now She stresses the need for a positive attitude while undergoing the dissertation process and she shares her views on this matter based on the experiences she has gained as a member oh at least 14 doctoral dissertations on marketing. As a critique, I would have to say that Beatty covered the aspects of writing dissertations very well. Special mention should be made to the fact that Beatty imparted useful and interesting advice with respect to how the relationship between doctoral supervisors and students can evolve and grow in the process. Needless to say, the supervisor and the students should harness a symbiotic relationship along the way to ensure the success of the dissertation. How to cite A Critique on Sharon Beatty’s Essay, Essays

Brand Equity for Preference and Loyalty -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theBrand Equity for Preference and Loyalty. Answer: Brand equity is a term that refers to how consumers of a product view the product. This comes after using the product for a period such that they form a perception about the product. Brand equity can be positive or negative depending on user experiences. Bad experiences lead to negative brand equity while good experiences lead to positive brand equity. Brand equity comes as the consumer develops a relationship with the brand through awareness, recognition, trial, preference, and loyalty. Recently, brand equity has been a significant priority in many organizations due to its impact on the general performance. Building band equity is essential for any company due to the impacts associated with it. First of all, with positively built brand equity, you can raise the prices of a product without any complaints from consumers since they perceive the product to be of high value (Kurlansky, 2011). For example, Apple which is a trendy brand charges more prices for their products. Building brand equity increases purchases are hence increasing the overall performance of the company (Ambler T. and Vakratsas, 2014). It also causes the increased value of a product in the market and also increased profits. Role of marketing research in building a global brand Conducting market research is very important in building a global brand (Blackston, 2015). It helps you to know the current performance of the product in the market and hence decide which decisions are the best for improving the market value of the product. Market research also helps in determining consumer loyalty to the product and therefore come up with ways to maintain the commitment since it is not easy to find new customers. The loyalty of customers helps in improving a brands performance in the market through referrals. Market research should frequently be done since markets, and consumer needs continuous change with time. Advertisement plays a firsthand role in building brand equity of a product. Through effective advertisement and sales promotion, a brand can achieve positive brand equity and get loyal customers (Biel, 2011). Market research plays a crucial role in building brand equity which determines a companys performance in many ways and has major implications for the operations of a brand. A consumer will be loyal to a product that he or she has tried using for some time and has preferred it over other products. References Kurlansky, M. (2011), ``Creative execution'', in Murphy, J. (Ed.), Branding. A Key MarketingTool, Macmillan, Basingstoke. Ambler, T. and Vakratsas, D. (2014). ``Why not let the agency decide the advertising'',The Journal of the Marketing Society, NTC Publications Ltd. Biel, A.L. (2011), ``How brand image drives brand equity'', ARFWorkshop, New York, NY. Blackston, M. (2015). ``A brand with an attitude: a suitable case for treatment'', Journal of theMarket Research Society, Vol. 34 No.3, pp. 231-41.

The Member of the Wedding Essay Example For Students

The Member of the Wedding Essay The Member of the Wedding by Carson McCullers is the story of an adolescent girl who triumphs over loneliness and gains maturity through an identity that she creates for herself in her mind. It is with this guise that twelve year old Frankie Addams begins to feel confident about herself and life. The author seems to indicate that one can feel good about oneself through positive thinking regardless of reality. The novel teaches that ones destiny is a self-fulfilled prophesy, seeing ones self in a certain light oftentimes creates an environment where one might become that which one would like to be. We will write a custom essay on The Member of the Wedding specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The world begins to look new and beautiful to Frankie when her older brother Jarvis returns from Alaska with his bride-to-be, Janice. The once clumsy Frankie, forlorn and lonely, feeling that she was a member of nothing in the world now decides that she is going to be the member of the wedding. Frankie truly believes that she is going to be an integral part of her brothers new family and becomes infatuated with the idea that she will leave Georgia and live with Jarvis and Janice in Winter Hill. In her scheme to be part of this new unit, she dubs herself F. Jasmine so that she and the wedding couple will all have names beginning with the letters J and a. Her positive thinking induces a euphoria which contributes to a rejection of the old feeling that the old Frankie had no we to claim. Now all this was suddenly over with and changed. There was her brother and the bride, and it was as though when first she saw them something she had known inside of her: They are the we of me. Being a m ember of the wedding will, she feels, connect her irrevocably to her brother and his wife. Typical of many teenagers, she felt that in order to be someone she has to be a part of an intact, existing group, that is, Jarvis and Janice. The teen years are known as a time of soul-searching for a new and grown up identity. In an effort to find this identity teens seek to join a group. Frankie, too, is deperate for Jarvis and Janices adult acceptance. Frankie is forced to spend the summer with John Henry, her six year old cousin, and Berenice Brown, her black cook. It is through her interactions with these two characters that the reader perceives Frankies ascent from childhood. Before Jarvis and Janice arrive, Frankie is content to play with John Henry. When she becomes F. Jasmine and an imagined we of the couple, she feels too mature to have John Henry sleep over, preferring, instead, to occupy her time explaining her wedding plans to strangers in bars, a behavior she would not have considered doing before gaining this new confidence. When F. Jasmine tells her plans to Berenice, the cook immediately warns her that Jarvis and Janice will not want her to live with them. F. Jasmine smugly ignores the cooks warning that you just laying yourself this fancy trap to catch yourself in trouble. The adolescent feels confident and cocky, refusing to believe that her plot is preposterous. After the wedding and the shattering reality that Fra nces (as she is now known) faces, it is evident, from the fact that their refusal doesnt crush her, that she has truly turned herself around, and that her maturity is an authentic and abiding one. At the conclusion of the story, the now confident Frances is able to plan a future for herself, by herself, which includes becoming a great writer. She, further, finds a sympathetic friend who becomes the other half of her new we.Carson McCullers brilliantly portrays a teenage girls maturation through a fabricated feeling of belonging, which ultimately leads to a true belonging. The reader sees how the girl grows from a childish Frankie, to a disillusioned F. Jasmine, and eventually to a matured Frances. When F. Jasmine questions Berenice as to why it is illegal to change ones name without consent of the court, the cook insightfully responds, You have a name and one thing after another happens to you, and you behave in various ways and do various things, so that soon the name begins to hav e a meaning. No matter how we might change externals, it is only when our innermost feelings are altered that we truly change and grow. The Member of the Wedding Essay Example For Students The Member of the Wedding Essay The Member ofthe WeddingThe Member of the Wedding by Carson McCullersis the story of an adolescent girl who triumphs over loneliness and gainsmaturity through an identity that she creates for herself in her mind. It is with this guise that twelve year old Frankie Addams begins to feelconfident about herself and life. The author seems to indicate that onecan feel good about oneself through positive thinking regardless of reality. The novel teaches that ones destiny is a self-fulfilled prophesy, seeingones self in a certain light oftentimes creates an environment where onemight become that which one would like to be. We will write a custom essay on The Member of the Wedding specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The world begins to look new and beautifulto Frankie when her older brother Jarvis returns from Alaska with his bride-to-be,Janice. The once clumsy Frankie, forlorn and lonely, feeling that she wasa member of nothing in the world now decides that she is going to be themember of the wedding. Frankie truly believes that she is going to bean integral part of her brothers new family and becomes infatuated withthe idea that she will leave Georgia and live with Jarvis and Janice inWinter Hill. In her scheme to be part of this new unit, she dubs herselfF. Jasmine so that she and the wedding couple will all have names beginningwith the letters J and a. Her positive thinking induces a euphoria whichcontributes to a rejection of the old feeling that the old Frankie hadno we to claim. Now all this was suddenly over with and changed. Therewas her brother and the bride, and it was as though when first she sawthem something she had known inside of her: They are the we of me. Beinga member of the w edding will, she feels, connect her irrevocably to herbrother and his wife. Typical of many teenagers, she felt that in orderto be someone she has to be a part of an intact, existing group, that is,Jarvis and Janice. The teen years are known as a time of soul-searchingfor a new and grown up identity. In an effort to find this identity teensseek to join a group. Frankie, too, is deperate for Jarvis and Janicesadult acceptance. Frankie is forced to spend the summer withJohn Henry, her six year old cousin, and Berenice Brown, her black cook. It is through her interactions with these two characters that the readerperceives Frankies ascent from childhood. Before Jarvis and Janice arrive,Frankie is content to play with John Henry. When she becomes F. Jasmineand an imagined we of the couple, she feels too mature to have John Henrysleep over, preferring, instead, to occupy her time explaining her weddingplans to strangers in bars, a behavior she would not have considered doingbefore gaining this new confidence. When F. Jasmine tells her plans to Berenice,the cook immediately warns her that Jarvis and Janice will not want herto live with them. F. Jasmine smugly ignores the cooks warning that youjust laying yourself this fancy trap to catch yourself in trouble. Theadolescent feels confident and cocky, refusing to believe that her plotis preposterous. After the wedding and the shattering reality that Frances(as she is now known) faces, it is evident, from the fact that their refusaldoesnt crush her, that she has truly turned herself around, and that hermaturity is an authentic and abiding one. At the conclusion of the story,the now confident Frances is able to plan a future for herself, by herself,which includes becoming a great writer. She, further, finds a sympatheticfriend who becomes the other half of her new we.Carson McCullers brilliantly portrays ateenage girls maturation through a fabricated feeling of belonging, whichultimately leads to a true belonging. The reader sees how the girl g rowsfrom a childish Frankie, to a disillusioned F. Jasmine, and eventuallyto a matured Frances. When F. Jasmine questions Berenice as to why it isillegal to change ones name without consent of the court, the cook insightfullyresponds, You have a name and one thing after another happens to you,and you behave in various ways and do various things, so that soon thename begins to have a meaning. No matter how we might change externals,it is only when our innermost feelings are altered that we truly changeand grow.

The eNotes Blog A Piece of Shakespearean History The First Folio VisitsSeattle

A Piece of Shakespearean History The First Folio VisitsSeattle Seattle Shakespeare fans got to celebrate in the run-up to the Bard’s birthday (or deathday, if you’re the glass-half-empty sort) with the arrival of the First Folio at the Central Library. An impressive gilt-edged tome of nine hundred pages, the first compilation of Shakespeare’s plays was opened to Hamlet’s â€Å"to be or not to be† soliloquy. The old book, housed this April at the contrastingly modern Central Library, is one of only 750 copies ever printed and only 233 surviving in the twenty-first century. Because it was published in 1623, seven years after his death, Shakespeare never lived to see the landmark compendium- the first folio devoted exclusively to plays ever published in England. His friends memorialized their colleague in style, collecting foul papers (drafts as penned by Shakespeare himself), quarto editions, and prompt books. William Jaggard, despite a history of misattributions and literary piracy involving Shakespeare’s own works, was entrusted with the project of setting the record straight. Though an apprentice appears to have introduced some distance with a few unusual renderings of the playwright’s text, the First Folio is the closest thing we have to the plays as the Bard wrote them. Without the Folio, eighteen of Shakespeare’s plays would have been lost to history, including Macbeth and Twelfth Night. It’s not hard to understand why copies are treasures; originally sold for approximately  £1 (or roughly $200 today), the last copy to change hands sold for $5.2 million in 2006. Seattle fans wave goodbye as the famous book makes its way around the country. If you missed it this time, don’t worry- you can still view the full book online as Shakespeare (more or less) intended. Outside The Seattle Public Library The First Folio open to to be or not to be Elizabethan-era replica costumes on display Aerial view of the First Folio exhibit

Better Safe Than Sorry

In her 2006 worldwide hit Hung Up, Madonna sings time goes by so slowly. Surely, the Queen of Pop was wrong as everybody lives in a rush nowadays. It is often said that it is better to be safe than sorry but how true is that? Things should be done right or else theyre going to be regretted. It is better to do things calmly, easily than do them wrong and regret it later on. Most people are sorry for mistakes they committed during their youth because at that time they werent completely aware of their responsibilities; they used to believe that life was full of risks so why not take them anyway?. For instance, two young people who are crazily in love shouldnt immediately get married even if theyre convinced theyre soul mates; they should wonder if theyre ready to sacrifice to their new family, if theyre ready to have children and raise them Other examples include car crashes because one was driving under influence, sex during teen hood, etc. However, doing things slowly is not necessarily right. Taking matters to the extreme can be very hurtful as people whoare considered too slow are often left out, sometimes because they ignore the changes going on around them. Also, becoming obsessed with doing things right can lead people to do things completely wrong. It is true that it is better to be safe than sorry but doing things right is what matters the most, whatever the circumstances are.

How have African-Americans worked to end segregation, discrimination, Essay

How have African-Americans worked to end segregation, discrimination, and isolation to attain equality and civil rights - Essay Example Now this is about the same time that African Americans also first started making their appearance in the military. To maintain unity and to help stop aggression black were beginning to be recruited. Still at this time the racial tension between the blacks and whites was very critical. The battle to end slavery was supposed to have ended, but in reality had just begun. In 1863 Abraham Lincoln passed the Emancipation Proclamation to allow blacks to join the military. However the American society still largely discouraged any social relations with people of different color. So, although the process of integration had already started there was still a huge battle to be bought for everyone involved (Massey, Douglas S., p.110). During the Civil War, the South literally depended on black labor to help them maintain their present economy. Without the black at this time, the south would not have had enough people to produce the grain in which the completely relied upon. The Confederated autho rities also used their slaves to construct forts, and some states such as Virginia even required slave owners to lease their slaves out for labor. The south was also very hard and cruel to their slaves. The Confederate leaders treated the blacks as if they were animals and forced them to do as much hard work as they could. The south still basically believed that blacks were meant to be slaves and should remain under complete control of their masters. Now the North, at the same time was now employing about 200,000 of approximately one half million blacks that escaped slavery into the Union territory. As the first steps in the desegregation of the nation the North was letting the former slave come into their land and was employing them as teamster, carpenters, cooks, nurses, and scouts. Many of the escaped blacks even worked for the Union army as informants to explain many of the Confederated armies’ plans and information (Godsil, Rachel D., p 1110). The blacks eventually becam e a very important part of the military service in the Union military forces. Even though most of the leaders were still white, the African American people had finally started making real progress with the integration into the white society. This first major step into society was basically seen as a trial by blood. It was simply known that whenever someone was willing to give his life in the line of battle for the same cause as his military force, it was considered the ultimate sacrifice and was now completely accepted in on the battle lines. However, even though the blacks were now helping with the labor and even the fighting by their own free will now, there was still much hatred and conflict between certain groups of people who still wanted racial segregation in their land. Even though it was considered illegal to act in violence just because of the race of a person, there were still many groups even in the North country who just could not completely accept the colored people amo ng them, and this also lead to much bloodshed in their own territory. There were 38 African American people lynched by the Klu Klux Klan in 1917, and 58 more lynching the following year. After the civil war 70 black veterans were also killed in cold blood because of all of the hatred still within the general society as a whole (Payne, Richard J.,p. 91). The Klu Klux Klan was a racial hatred group that was responsible for many murders of the blacks at that time, and even still

Identify and discuss three social changes that would need in the Essay

Identify and discuss three social changes that would need in the United States to move toward being a more peaceful(non-violent) - Essay Example The people are not supposed to be each other’s enemies (Vesterman, 2007). First, US must vigorously pursue its diplomatic relations with the Arab world and develop a relation of collaboration and partnership for global economic concerns and amity in relations. The past decades proved that United States has been hostile to countries where perceived terrorist groups are existing and where leaders are inclined to violate denuclearization efforts of the United Nations. The global conditions require that venues for dialogue, interaction, and interfaith discourse be internationalized as inherent not only in diplomatic relations but also in the development of amity of nations to attain global peace. Second, the United States must pursue cultural discourse with the rest of the global community to fully appreciate the diversity and multicultural dimension of the global village. This can take place in both online and non-online settings where open communication is possible and where soc io-cultural exchanges can be undertaken. This cultural nobility can be integrated as a policy in security management. As US, like its other global alliances, use the military forces in the intervention programs to conflict-affected communities and in regions where reconstruction or rehabilitation is undertaken, the forces should likewise be trained and educated to promote cultural respect and sensitivities to improve US international relations. This can likewise assuage the creation of leeway for economic exchanges where US has interest for trading, especially in oil production. At the domestic level, rigorous transformative policy formulation and enforcement should be undertaken with primacy on providing strategic resolution to domestic issues on job creation, social services delivery, provision of support to communities affected by climate changes (on reconstruction and rehabilitation) and engaging communities for resiliency. It is likewise paramount that the US must focus on the problems of immigration and encourage their return to their original countries to reduce the risks and vulnerabilities of domestic economy as their influx also added to the problems of unfriendly relations, poor social cohesion, and internal conflicts of interests (Malcom X, 1964). Anent thereto, the government should realize that social changes are necessary to attain a positive social changes where individuals and non-government participation is fully appreciated in nurturing world peace and social cohesion. In the historic epoch of civilizations, only peaceful discourse, negotiations, and open interaction can create an environment of peace that could encourage development workers and stakeholders to come together and discuss their situations to advance it at a higher level of relations (Vesterman, 2007). Violence and wars out of conflict of interests created losses and even its strategic resolution can only be created in the same path for peace. For peace can only be attained thr ough peaceful means notwithstanding the fact that politics have showed the need for peoples, as stakeholders, to take part in social transformation to make it effective and reflective of its dreams or aspirations as peoples (Vesterman, 2007; Malcom X,

Minimum wage essay Essay Example for Free

Minimum wage essay Essay Some people may support minimum wage legislation because they believe it will help struggling workers to make ends meet. What do you think about that? Minimum wage, as a kind of price floor, refers to the least amount of money that employers can legally pay labors for per hour of work. Therefore, government sets a price that is under the market equilibrium price in order to reduce the poverty and ensure that young employees and minority will not be treated unequally. However, those aimed goals are not accomplished as expected and minimum wage only makes economy inefficient and worsens some people’s lives. After the minimum wage is imposed above the equilibrium wage rate, this results in the supply of labour being greater than the demand for labour. Therefore, while only E2 amount of labour is demanded in the market, E3 amount of labour is provided and causes excess labour. In theory, the minimum wage results in excess supply of labour because the higher costs of labour motivate companies to cutoff employees and then cause unemployment, ceteris paribus. Meanwhile, the minimum wage reduces the demand from E1 to E2 so this reduces both consumer and producer surplus, and creates a deadweight loss to the society. Furthermore, it is highly possible that because of the increased production costs, the quantity of supply is increased and the average price level is increased overall, so consumers tend to pay higher prices. Therefore, when price floor is imposed, deadweight loss and excess supply of labour are created, and unemployment rates and overall price level will be increased. Subsequently, although there are considerable large amounts of people are benefited from the minimum wage, those poor people without enough professional skills or in the state of unemployment are likely to suffer worser living conditions. While those people in employment are benefited from the minimum wage, they are also affected by minimum wage negatively, like less opportunities to increase income. Since the minimum wage increases production costs of company, except cutting off labour, companies would also decide to reduce times to promote employees. Therefore, in the long run, those employees will be demotivated and then decrease their passion and working efficiency. Besides, even if those employees still get lots of opportunities, their  living standards will not be enhanced so much because the overall price is also increasing. Therefore, although people enjoying minimum wage have higher wages, they need to pay more when consuming goods in daily life. In conclusion, although minimum wage ensures the salary of some people in the short run, minimum wage creates welfare loss and excess labour in the market, so in the relatively long run, unemployment rate and overall price level will be increased due to increased production costs (which are consist of labour, land, technology and capital). Therefore, for people in the state of unemployment, they will suffer by the higher price and they will be poorer. While for those people benefited by the minimum wage, they tend to obtain less promotion chances, receive higher average prices in the market and in the long run even may lose enthusiasm for working hard.

The Old Catholic Church :: essays research papers

Long before Christianity was divided into splinter groups, there was the old catholic Church. Each locality had a church, and each church had its bishop who superintended their spiritual life. All churches and all bishops stood on equal footing with one another. For they were all direct recipients of the Gospel of Jesus Christ from the Apostles. Each locality applied the Sacred Scriptures to their unique cultures. And from that effort, four great branches of Christianity developed: Asian, Greek, Latin and Celtic. The Asian branch represented the Aramaic and Parthian perspective, which developed into the "Church of the East". It was later called the Nestorian Church. This great church evangelized the Asian world (including China) and gave us the Peshitta - the Textus Receptus in the language spoken by our Lord. The Greek branch developed in the Hellenistic world which later became the Byzantine Empire. Most of the great Church Fathers came from this branch. They were responsible for formulating the early Creeds of Christianity. The Latin branch originated in North Africa and later rooted in southern Europe. The Roman Catholic Church and many Protestant denominations have come from this branch. It became the Classical expression of Christianity during the Middle Ages. The Celtic branch of Christianity has been the minority branch within Latin Christianity for the last one thousand years. But during the first one thousand years of the Christian era, it was the dominant branch in northern Europe and the British Isles. It was responsible for the survival of Christianity and of general knowledge during the barbarian invasions following the collapse of the Roman Empire. Celtic Christianity represented the interaction of the Druids with the teachings of the Bible. It was responsible for the unique personal consciousness, love of liberty, and the curiosity of Western man. THE CAMBRIAN CHURCH The Church of Cambria was the fountainhead of Celtic Christianity from the time of the Apostles and for many centuries thereafter. This was the logical result of the fact that Cambria had also been the center of Druidism. Converted Druids became the leading bishops of the Celtic world. During the early Middle Ages, the Cambrian Church formed the core of the resistance to the dictatorial tendencies of the Roman Popes. During the late Middle Ages and the early Modern Era, its spiritual heirs continued that resistance against the entire edifice of Latin Christianity, whether Roman Catholic or Protestant. Today, the Cambrian Church is in "diaspora", especially in America.

Ethical Principles and Codes of Practice Essay

Ethical principles and codes of practice can provide guidance in day-to-day practice. Analyse Peter’s situation in the case study and come to a conclusion about what would be an appropriate response. This essay will analyse the ethical principles and code of practice in relation to the case study of Peter, a man suffering from Alzheimer’s disease and will suggest a course of action for Peter’s situation based upon the application of these principles and the code. It will do this by examining the term ‘ethics’ and will focus on four ethical principles found to be relative to the kinds of ethical issues and challenges met within health and social care settings, these will be applied to the case study. Peter’s situation is that of a man, who, at the request of his family, unhappily (but apparently necessarily), moved to Parkside Manor, a small residential care home. Of late Peter’s condition of Alzheimer’s disease has advanced and he has become progressively uninhibited. His behaviour has caused the staff to question Peter’s placement at the care home, as some of the other residents are beginning to become troubled and distresse d by his behaviour. Some staff feel that with the number of residents needing attention, Peter’s needs require more time than they have to give. However Peter’s family are resolute in their decision for him to remain at Parkside. ‘Ethics’ are defined as ‘the philosophical study of the moral value of human conduct and of the rules and principles that ought to govern it’ (Collins, 2006, p535). Individual values develop over time through socialisation, upbringing and experiences. These values when viewed on a personal level, guide individual actions. Individuals working in the health and social care setting also hold professional values derived from professional training and ideology. Decisions are made using both personal and professional values and all decisions will have an ethical dimension. Historically health and social care practitioners have been directed by principles and guidance, enabling them to develop what is described as a professional morality. Codes of practice have long been seen as regulations guiding practice, with clear standards of conduct (General Social Care Council, 2010, p 4). These usually include some exclusion’s such as disclosure of information but they mainly describe expected forms of conduct. In areas of health and social care ethical principles are used along with codes of practice to guide and enhance the decision-making process. These principles are related to a sense of doing the right thing or that which is moral and with ideas of what is good and bad practice (K217, Book 4, p28).This idea can be problematic and can be viewed both objectively and subjectively. If viewed from an objective point of view, who should be trusted to know what is the objective truth? If subjective, who is the one whose opinion should be listened to? Questions such as these are often at the core of dilemmas. Professionals working within health and social care environments do not just deal with decisions based upon the right and good. Consideration should also be given to ‘ethical dilemmas’, these are situations when two choices are apparent, both eq ual in morality and ethics (K217, Book4, p29). Pattison and Heller (2001) suggest, ethics and value issues thread their way through normal, daily health care practice, the interpretation of which is open to more than one explanation (K217, Offprints, p131). Although principles guide actions, there is still a need to assess a situation and devise an appropriate response. This assessment and response derive from an individual’s values and training as much as from principles. Ethical principles are important in the field of health and social care. Practitioners need to have the ability to make informed, ethical and justifiable decisions relating to the individuals in their care. This can be difficult when faced with a challenging case. Using a framework to develop a structured way of thinking through a particular ethical situation or challenge can be helpful. The ETHICS framework was developed to assist people working in care settings and offers a structured way of assessing a course of action in order to come to an ethically informed decision. It emphasizes the need to be able to select a course of action based upon guidance, information and established principles, as well as the individual’s beliefs. The framework requires practitioners to firstly, Enquire about the relevant facts of the case, Think about the options that are available to all involved, Hear the views of everyone (including service user, family members and relevant providers), Identify any relevant ethical principles and values which may help to guide the decision–making process, Clarify the meaning and consequences of any key values and finally Select a course of action offering supporting arguments (K217, Book4, p32). When taking into account the case study, four ethical principles will be examined. These are: respect for autonomy, non-malfeasance, beneficence and justice. The principles are seen as the starting points for the development of ethical approaches to care practice, providing a practical set of principles, which rather than offe ring direct answers to ethical dilemmas, set out useful guiding principles for practitioners when faced with controversial decisions (K217, Book 4, p34). In Peter’s situation, Autonomy or self-determination is complex. Respect for Autonomy refers to a commitment to respect the decision-making capability of an autonomous individual. Autonomy is the freedom to act as a person wishes, to be able to make decisions about their own life and not to be controlled by others. The case study points out that Peter ‘unhappily’ left his home, at the request of his family to move into Parkside Manor, indicating that Peter had no control over this situation. This lack of right to choose where he lives, directly impinges on Peter’s ability to be autonomous and make reasoned informed choices. Beauchamp and Childress (2009) identify two areas necessary for autonomy: Liberty or independence from control and Agency, the capacity for deliberate action (K217, Book 4, p39). When applying this principle to Peter’s case, it could be argued that a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s limits his capabilities to make decisions for himself, limiting capacity for intentional action and so reducing Peter’s ability to function as an autonomous individual. The codes of practice for social care workers (2010) state: ‘a social care worker must respect the rights of service users while seeking to ensure that their behaviour does not harm themselves or others’ (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). This causes a conflict of interest between Peter’s rights to act in a manner that he chooses and that of the other residents, who deserve to be able to move freely about the home without the risk of being upset or distressed by Peter’s actions. Staff may wish to take steps to minimise the potential risk of Peter’s behaviour causing mental harm and upset to other residents and by following risk assessment policies could asse ss the potential risks in this situation (General Social Care Council, 2010, p9, 4.2). Identifying harmful behaviour is multifaceted and open to interpretation. The assessment of risk could have serious consequences for Peter perhaps leading to a limiting of his rights and liberty in the interest of protecting others from harm (K217, Book 4, p60). Therefore over protection or unnecessary limitation could be considered an infringement upon Peter’s human rights (K217, Book 4 p65). The case study does not accurately point out if Peter has the mental capability to understand that his actions could be disruptive and upsetting for others. This being the case it may also be appropriate to talk to both Peter and his family about the situation in order to find a solution. As the code of practice maintains, ‘care workers must promote the independence of service users and assist them to understand and exercise their rights’ (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). It is suggested, that in cases where decision making capacity is deemed to be impaired, respect for autonomy may involve the care worker acting appropriately in an in dividual’s ‘best interests’ (K217, Book 4, p40). The difficulty here is that Peter’s best interests cannot be viewed without taking into account the best interests of other residents, care workers and relatives. This shows the limits of the code of practice in taking a narrow â€Å"ethical† view rather than trying to take a wider and more balanced perspective. Beneficence and the promotion of welfare are concerned with the provision of benefits and the balance of these against risk in the care and treatment of service users. It requires that care providers make a positive contribution to help others, not just refrain from acts of harm. It could be argued that in Peter’s case, moving into a residential setting may be seen as ‘doing good’. The theory of beneficence or ‘doing good’ is embedded in health and social care practice. Although, rather than being straightforward in its attempts to solve ethical dilemmas, beneficence can be viewed as being rather vague (K217, Book4, p34). The application of beneficence in Peter’s situation could be seen as a controversial one. The need to ‘do good’ in this situation could be seen to be against Peter’s best interests, as in the case of consent. The case study alludes to the fact that Peter’s family are making decisions on behalf of Peter and that the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease means that he is incapable of contributing to decisions around his care and wellbeing. It could therefore be argued that this results in a paternalistic approach to care, whereby the family (who are making decisions on behalf of Peter) may be guided by practitioners views of what is in Peter’s ‘best interests’ and in doing so may neglect the choice and personal responsibility of the individual (K217, Book 4, p36). However paternalism may be viewed as acceptable if it is proved that Peter’s autonomy or decision-making capacity is compromised. In this case it may be advisable to initiate an assessment of Peter’s mental health capacity in order to justify the families’ involvement in the decision-making process. Beauchamp and Childress (2009) claim, the philosophy of non-malfeasance is an obligation to do no harm. Unlike beneficence, which promotes welfare and concentrates upon positively helping others, non-malfeasance focuses upon guiding health and social care practitioners to avoid harm-causing activities, this includes negligence. Having a duty of care for a person or persons in care is an ethical concept, neglect is an absence of ‘due care’ the lack of which would be seen as falling below the standards expected by the law and code of practice. The principle of non-malfeasance can be difficult to apply in practice (K217, Book 4, p37). Peter has not been physically harmed himself, although it could be disputed that his behaviour around Parkside Manor could be having a detrimental effect on the wellbeing of the other residents who are beginning to be upset by Peter’s uninhibited behaviour. Section 3 of the codes of practice for social care workers may guide staff in pr omoting the independence of other service users (residents) in assisting them to understand and exercise their rights to autonomy. Also for staff to use the appropriate procedures and protocols in which to keep other service users safe from harm (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.1). As stated, Peter’s ability to make decisions about his care could be impaired, as in the right to choose where to live (which was made at the request of his family). However, maintaining Peter in his own home, as was his wish, would require extra resources such as daily social care help. If this was unavailable, Peter’s wish to remain in his home could be seen as detrimental to his health and wellbeing as his condition deteriorated and this would not uphold the principle of non- malfeasance. The moral principle of justice according to Beauchamp (2006) is fairness in the distribution of benefit and risk (K217, Book4, p42). It can be viewed as fair, impartial and suitable treatment for the autonomous individual. This suggests that everyone has the right to participate in the decision-making process surrounding the ir own treatment. This clearly is not the case for Peter, as he may no longer be classed as an autonomous service user and may not be able to articulate his needs or desires in respect of his care. In this case the staff may wish to assign a person as an advocate to represent and support (where appropriate) Peter’s views and wishes (General Social Care Council, 2010, p6, 1.2). The case study also identifies the staffs growing concerns about their own abilities to be able to give Peter the care that he requires, with some suggesting that his needs demand more time than they have available. The code of practice sets out clear guidelines for staff in Section 3, stating that any resource or operational difficulties experienced by the care worker is to be brought to the attention of the employer or the appropriate authority (General Social Care Council, 2010, p8, 3.4). Staff working within the care home are under increasing pressure to cope with the demanding behaviour that Peter displays and in this case may feel that they are neglecting the other residents because of Peter’s growing needs. This highlights the problem staff have in distinguishing fairly between those that are seen to need support and those that are not. Discrimination such as this all be it without intention of causing harm, raises questions of inequality. As highlighted, codes of practice and other ethical guidelines are not without their limitations. These limitations are often down to an individual’s freedom of choice and their views of what is right and wrong. Codes of practice deal in respect of that is the ‘norm’ not the ‘usual’ and at this point common sense and a corporate view are necessary. Using the four principles to analyse Peter’s situation is far from simple as the principles themselves are open to individual interpreta tion. The task for those directly involved in Peters care, such as family, professionals and the care workers at Parkside, is to ascertain their legal, professional and ethical positions and balance these against the need to protect and care for other residents and staff within the care setting. This may involve identifying ways to reduce the risk to others and to Peter’s dignity and privacy. As the code of practice states ‘a social care worker must respect and maintain dignity and privacy of service users’ (general Social Care Council, 2010, p6, 1.4). Some of the staff at Parkside have begun to question if the placement is an appropriate one given Peter’s growing needs. Staff at Parkside Manor could begin to examine ways of improving the care and support on offer to both Peter and the other residents by firstly initiating an assessment of Peter’s mental health capacity, in order for staff to better comprehend Peter’s level of understanding and to further meet his needs. This will form part of a support plan that will identify resources necessary to meet his growing requirements. The case study does not adequately highlight if Parkside Manor is equipped to deal with mental health problems such as Alzheimer’s or if the population is that of older residents with general care needs. One solution for the family may be to investigate the possibility of an alternative placement for Peter. Placing Peter in a more suitable setting where the staff are more used to dealing with conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease could enhance quality of care and increase Peter’s quality of life. Bibliography Collins, 2006, Collins Concise English Dictionary. Glasgow, HarperCollins Publishers. Open University (2010) K217, Adult health, social care and wellbeing, Chapter 14, Ethics in health and social care. Milton Keynes,The Open University Open University (2010) K217, Adult health, social care and wellbeing, Offprints, Swimming in a sea of ethics and values. Milton Keynes,The Open University General Social Care Council, 2010, Codes of Practice for social care workers. Available at: http://www.gscc.org.uk/cmsFiles/Registration/Codes%20of%20Practice/CodesofPracticeforSocialCareWorkers.pdf [Accessed 25/02/12] Gillon Raanan, 1994, Medical ethics : four principles plus the attention to scope. Available at: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2540719/pdf/bmj00449-0050.pdf [Accessed 09/03/12]

Bses

Date of Print Out: 29. 10. 2012 BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd. Due Date: 05-11-2012 Electricity Bill Name : Mr. HIREN UPADHYAYA BIlling S/O Mr. DINESH UPADHYAYA PROP NO-T-61, Address :TF (F/P) WESTERN SIDE BHOGAL ROAD, BHOGAL NEW DELHI 110014 Sanctioned Load Contract Demand MDI Power Factor Pole No. Book No. Walking Sequence Circle / Zone Tariff Category Meter No Units 21129618 21129618 KWH KW CA No. CRN No. Energisation Date Meter Type Supply Type Bill No. Bill Basis : 101973953 : 2540258523 : 11. 06. 2009 : 1PSK : LT : 100780497688 : Actual Cycle No. Mobile / Tel. No. : 9999331714 District / Division : Nizamuddin Meter Status: OKBilling Period: NOV-12 Bill Date: 16-10-2012 : 4. 00 : : 7. 10 : 1. 000 : NZDPG641S1 : BRJ : BRJ010061A0AA : SOUTH-1 : Domestic : 12 Customer Care Centre No. 39999707 Billed Consumption (Current) Date of Meter Reading Reading 09-10-2012 22,386. 00 09-10-2012 7. 10 Billing Details Billed Consumption (Previous) Date of Meter Reading Reading 09-08-2012 19,131. 00 Cu rrent Period Charges ( 10-08-2012 to 09-10-2012 Multiplication Factor Current Consumption Days Units 1. 00 1. 00 61 3,255. 00 7. 10 ) Fixed Charges (A) Slab-wise Energy Charges Slab-wise FPA/PPA TOD [email  protected]% Elec. tricity Total Amount on (E= Tax @ 5% (A+B+C+D+E+ Cons.Measrd Billed Units Unit Amount(B) FPA/PP Amount(C) TOD% on Surg/Rebt . A+B+D+R) (F) F) During Rate A% B Amount (D) 200. 00 800. 00 4. 80 3840. 00 .00 1580. 16 1055. 81 22387. 97 2. 00 Mth(s) 2,455. 00 6. 40 15712. 00 .00 3255. 00 TOTAL 19552. 00 .00 Past Dues / Refunds / Subsidy Arrears / Refunds Period to which it relates Late Payment Surcharge (LPSC) Other Charges, if any * Total Charges Payable Rebate(R) / Subsidy* Net Amount Payable 0. 00 Amount 4. 50 22392. 47 0. 00/0. 00 22392. 47 0. 00 rnd_prvbil, Amount not immediately payable, if any. Rs. 0. 00 Reasons Security Deposit with DISCOM Bill Amount Payable Rs. 2400. 00Interest accrued for FY 2011-12 already adjusted in bill No. 101140291823 Rs. (120. 20 ) ( generated for the period 15-02-2012 to13-04-2012). Interest for FY 2012-13 will be adjusted in your first bill to be generated in FY 2013-14 Rs. 22390. 00 Due Date of Payment 05-11-2012 If payment is made after the due date, LPSC for the delay, shall be charged in the next bill. Last payment Rs. 35520. 00 received on 31-08-2012 Payment Accounted Upto. 13-10-2012 The connection shall be liable for disconnection on non payment of all dues(including arrears of previous bill(s)) by due date, after notice as per Section 56(1) of the Electricity Act, 2003. i) This bill has been prepared as per revised tariff order communicated vide DERC order no F. 11(771)/DERC/2011-12/1577 & 1578 dated 27th June 2012. ii) As per DERC order no F. 3(298)/Tariff/DERC/2010-11/2601/1606 dated 29th June 2012, FPA shall not be charged from 1st July 2012. Hence FPA has been discontinued for the energy consumption after 1st July 2012. iii) As per GoNCTD order no. F 11(69)/2006/Power/pt/1211 dated 2nd April 20 12, a subsidy of Rs 1/- per unit to all domestic consumers consuming upto 200 units per month will be available till further orders by Government of NCT of Delhi. The amount of security deposit against your connection is mentioned herewith under Security Deposit with DISCOM. Please check this amount and report any discrepancy in that regard by furnishing documentary proof available with you at the customer care centre of respective division office. ENERGY SAVED IS ENERGY PRODUCED. (This bill is computer generated, hence does not require signature. ) ————————————————————— —————————————————————- ———–ReceiptPayment Slip * Make your cheque/DD payable to BRPL CA No. 10197 3953 * Cheque should not be post dated. * Write your telephone number on reverse of the cheque. * Cheque should be account payee and payable at Delhi * Do not Staple. Only clip the cheque to payment slip.. Bill amount payable: Rs. 22390. 00 Cheque/DD No. 1200R101973953000002239247201211050000000000 Registered office:BSES Rajdhani Power Ltd. BSES Bhavan Nehru Place New Delhi 110019 A joint venture of Reliance Infrastructure Ltd. & Govt. of NCT. Delhi. Bill month:NOV-12 Date:

Writing Contests Are Good Practice

Writing Contests Are Good Practice Writing Contests Are Good Practice Writing Contests Are Good Practice By Guest Author This is a guest post by Mary Hodges If you want to write for Daily Writing Tips check the guidelines here. There are some writers who wouldn’t dream of entering a writing competition. They consider such things beneath their dignity. I’ve even come across someone who refused to take part in competitions because â€Å"someone has to lose†. My response to this would be â€Å"someone has to win, and it might be you. But if you don’t enter, you certainly won’t win.† My own feeling is that writing for a competition is helpful for these reasons: You have to write to a word limit. You have a deadline to meet. You often have to write on a given topic. Even if your work is not among the winning entries you have a finished story article or poem that you can adapt for another market Writing competitions seem to be a growth area. A Google search for â€Å"writing competitions† came up with over a million hits! Prizemagic includes some interesting details about Michael Shenton and his book Stiff Competition based on his experience of entering competitions. The poetrykit site includes a link to story and other competitions and a warning to beware of scams. There are numerous print magazines with titles like Competitors’ Companion but these include only a few writing contests. They are mainly devoted to general consumer competitions where the entrants need to provide proof of purchase and concoct advertising slogans for particular products. Some points to remember when entering competitions: Always read the rules for entry carefully. State age, sex, ethnicity, place of birth or residence, and whether or not your work has been published. – I’ve seen all these used to restrict who is eligible to enter. Look carefully at the deadline. There’s no point in sending your work off too soon and making it unavailable for other uses any longer than necessary. Look for contests that give a clear date by which the winners will be notified. Once that date has passed, you know you can submit your work elsewhere or enter it in another competition, Note the prizes and the entry fees – if any. Remember, a bigger prize might attract more entries; you might have a better chance of winning in a smaller local comp. albeit with a smaller reward. Contests you can enter by email are to be preferred every time over those that require hard copy entries. Some ask you to send an S.A.E for an entry form, requiring wo lots of unnecessary postage. Look carefully at what the organizers say they will do with the non-winners. I’ve come across one contest where the entrants granted the organizers â€Å"a worldwide, irrevocable, perpetual license to feature any or all of the submissions in any of its publications†. Do you really want to give your work away when you might submit it to another publication or enter it for another contest? Keep a copy of your entry and a record of where you sent it. I should come clean and say I haven’t won lots of writing competitions. I seem to get to the runner-up stage quite often, but don’t make the big time. Of course prizes in writing competitions are not always in the form of cash. You might win a holiday, a place on a writing course in some exotic location or as I did many years ago you might win a lavatory seat! I’m not kidding. This was part of a prize for writing a poem about Convent Garden in London. Prizes were items from the various shops in Covent Garden including one that specialized in wooden loo seats with the owner’s initials on the lid! But when all’s said and done it’s not the winning that counts, it’s the taking part. Mary Hodges has published poems in The Oldie, Freelance Market News and Quantum Leap magazine. She edits the Garstang Arts Centre Newsletter and is Press Officer for her local Women’s Institute. She also writes plays, one of which was produced for the Women’s Institute Drama Festival. Although computer literate and interested in the web, she has not yet set up her own website or blog. Two sites she’s found particularly useful are PrizeMagic and The Poetry Kit. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Freelance Writing category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:"Because Of" and "Due To" Comma Before ButA Yes-and-No Answer About Hyphenating Phrases

Information Systems in Project Management Reassessment Assignment

Information Systems in Project Management Reassessment - Assignment Example This paper illustrates that a number of organizations involved in the development of software products have still not resorted to the use of sets of vital signs in monitoring the status of different projects that they undertake. Similarly, other organizations never even use properly documented processes to discover half-baked project concepts at the early stages of a development process and others are not even in a position to discern or rule out a troubled project in a timely fashion. In addition, some organizations are fond of neglecting or treating with a little regard the need to train the targeted clients on the benefits attributed to successful projects along with the crucial success factors that surround the development processes. Some of the factors that often contribute to failure are issues like incomplete or vaguely stated business requirements and specifications, insufficient or lacking executive support, changing business specifications, insufficient planning, technologi cal incompetence and insufficient resources among others. On the other hand, success factors for different projects including but not limited to realistic schedules and estimates, clearly defined project goals, prior specification of the quality criteria of the anticipated deliverable, active support from top management, team competence, and proactive issue resolution together with the project manager’s level of competence. In the context of project management, a critical success factor is an important influence which can determine the success of a project. Thus, critical success factors refer to the series of conditions, influences or factors that contribute towards the outcome of a project. Examples of success factors regarding software projects include open communication, careful risk management, proper planning, and properly defined scope together with a selection of a competent staff.

Negotiation plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negotiation plan - Essay Example However, the Union still needs to agree on the matter concerning the wage increases during the existence of the agreement (Guasco, 2007). This matter is very important to the workers, as it one way or the other shall determine their productivity and effectiveness. The union requests an award for the workers that will help cover the past 3% inflation and a 2% salary increment for previous contributions towards productivity. The union requires the agreed disbursements made right after the agreement commences, and not on any conditions whatsoever (Bond, 1999). The union workers will be more than willing to look into productive bonuses in addition to this increment, as long as it agrees to measures of productivity. Where a mistake come from one individual, the rest workers should not suffer. The union demands an even distribution of bonuses to all hourly paid employees (Guasco, 2007). The workplace Arrangements It is important and right of the workers to attend premium training when they get the need to progress, and not when there is a vacancy in the company. When employees who reach a higher level that demands a higher salary cannot find a position within the company, an allowance for such training is to be awarded which, is a half the difference between the grade they trained for, and the one they are now in. The trained employees are would promoted, before advertisement is considered whenever there is a higher vacancy in the company. Hours Roster, Shifts and Overtime Implications The workers union has set forth these three working arrangement options, a shift pattern, making one work for 76 hours over two weeks. There is also a monthly arrangement cycle of 152 hours, or an annual cycle of 1976 hours. An employee should work for an average of 8 hours overtime weekly on summer and at least two in the winter. The union demands that the company rewards the overtime hours double the amount paid on normal hours and compensation arranged to the employees who in some c ases might find themselves sitting in for others, hence breaking the usual roosters routine. The Duration of the Agreement The workers union intends to make this the only negotiation they would have with the Dairy Company, where proper assessments are required to make sure that no contradicting loopholes left through successive plans such as in the case of future salary increments. This will see an improvement in the productivity of the employees via time conservation. It will also convince the employers that the hearts of the workers are at what they do, and not for destruction of the firm in any way. Workplace committee The Union will take the workplace committee as a consultative body since as said in the above point; this is a onetime negotiation only. The committee formed from the collaboration of the employers and the employees will only be set to resolve any arising issues within the company, and act as a uniting code between the workers and the company. The Union understands that other light issues also need redress, but since the agreement is a unifying dialogue leaves them open for employers suggestions. Such concerns are sick-offs and day-offs (Eden, 2010). The workers intend to build a relationship with the Dairy Company, and that is why the employers have a room to air their views on some issues. The Union, therefore, resolves on adopting the integrative

Enviromental Science Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Enviromental Science - Speech or Presentation Example The 'decline and fall' of Easter Island and its alleged self-destruction has become the poster child of a new environmentalist historiography, a school of thought that goes hand-in-hand with predictions of environmental disaster. The researchers dispute that the claim that Easter Island's human inhabitants were responsible for their own demise. Jared Diamond shares an exceptional view point in Easter Island case. In his book1 he says that the people of Easter Island destroyed their forest, degraded the island's topsoil, wiped out their plants and drove their animals to extinction. Helping its readers conclude, that the collapse of the Easter Islands was a man-made end. However, comparing the similar situation to today's scenario, something similar is at our end. We may not know that we are suffering the heat due to the endurance in man, but when it gets killing, by then it would be too late. The self-inflicted environmental devastation in the Easter Island, caused its complex society collapsed, also descending into civil wars, cannibalism and self-destruction. Something much similar to today's 'commercial' wars with nothing but a global existence of man eating man.Diamond's theory of ecocide was an actual genocide terminated Rapa Nui's indigenous populace and its culture that became almost paradigmatic in environmental circles, a dark and gory secret hangs over the premise of Easter Island's self-destruction. Lipo thinks the story of Easter Island's civilization being responsible for its own demise might better reflect the psychological baggage of our own society than the archeological evidence. Now, let's look up at another example which is the on-going deforestation of the Amazon rain forest. Between May 2000 and August 2005, Brazil lost more than 132,000 square kilometers of forest-an area larger than Greece-and since 1970, over 600,000 square kilometers (232,000 square miles) of the Amazon rainforest has been destroyed.2 NASA satellite data are giving scientists insight into how large-scale deforestation in the Amazon Basin in South America is affecting regional climate. Researchers found during the Amazon dry season last August, there was a distinct pattern of higher rainfall and warmer temperatures over deforested regions. Some 14,754 sq km (9,170 square miles) of jungle was lost in 2003, according to the Brazilian government.3 The dramatic impact on the Amazon is reflected through the fires and the climate change. The Amazon is losing its green and the drought there is making it become dangerously and highly inflammable. Researchers and Scientist believe that if fires continue in the Amazon, 50 per cent of the Amazon could simply dissipate into smoke. It was also recorded that the humidity levels in the Amazon were recorded highest in 2005. We all want to develop. Develop from complexity to luxury. But it is not that all development needs to be non-eco friendly. In such immediate crisis where the world is crashing down to multi million pieces, it is sustainable development which comes most handy. Solar panels for household electricity, solar cookers to avoid over usage of LPG, filters for industrial chimneys and household, saving electricity, saving water, planting trees as much as possible, creating household dumps in your backyards to recycle organic waste, lesser usage of plastics etc are some ways to develop more constructively. No doubt it takes a lot of time and

International Trade and Finance Speech Research Paper

International Trade and Finance Speech - Research Paper Example macro economy. 1. What happens when there is a surplus of imports brought into the U.S.? Cite a specific example of a product with an import surplus, and the impact that has on the U.S. businesses and consumers involved. There are two common things that happened when there are surplus imports in the US economy namely: The domestic producers tend to experience low sales volume and lower incomes (Sherman & Hunt, 2008). This is because imported goods tend to be sold at lower price in the domestic market than locally manufactured goods (Sherman & Hunt, 2008). On the other hand, locals consumers tend to enjoy low prices charges as imported goods are sold at reduced prices relative to locally manufactured products (Sherman & Hunt, 2008). In above connection, when imports are higher than exports then an economy is said to be experiencing unfavorable balance of trade (Lasher, 2010). Examples of products that have a surplus import include: oil product, clothes and electronic items (Sherman & Hunt, 2008). It was reported that the US economy imported several barrels of petroleum oil and gases from countries like; China Iraq, Japan to name just but a few. This has made the prices of oil to escalate causing suffrage to the locals (Sherman & Hunt, 2008). ... For example in 2007, exports were 12% while imports were 16% this led to a decrease in GDP growth rate (Economy Watch, 2010). Therefore, International trade affects domestic markets into two major ways namely; it help to broaden domestic market as more business venture are being established (Economy Watch, 2010).Secondly, it has led to closure of local markets because they sell their products cheaply than domestic markets (Van & Lewer, 2007). University students like me have been adversely affected by international trade in the sense that there has been a lot of cultural and technological exchange with the foreign students. This has led to positive trade balance (Van & Lewer, 2007). 3Â · How do government choices in regards to tariffs and quotas affect international relations and trade? The application of tariffs and quotas involves placing trade restrictions to the foreign countries on the quantity of imports (Lake & Powell, 1999). Normally, tariffs’ and quotas are employed by countries in attempt to protect domestic industries, consumers and infant industries (Lake & Powell, 1999). This means that application of quotas and tariffs creates trade barriers between the countries, and therefore, preventing free and fair trade among countries (Lake & Powell, 1999). This may further affect international relationship by creating enemity as trading countries retaliate against each other by placing the same barriers in return (Lake & Powell, 1999). 4Â · what are foreign exchange rates? How are they determined? Exchange rates refer to the rate at which local currencies are exchanges with foreign countries (Rosenberg, 2003). The rates may determined by the market forces commonly known as; demand and supply market forces. Whereby, when there is

Effects of Viewpoints on Childcare Health Practice

Effects of Viewpoints on Childcare Health Practice Naela Mahboob How do ideas about childhood and families influence practice? When looking at ideas of childhood and families we bring in various views of how practitioners and professionals can help in supporting their needs in living a good and healthy lifestyle. The main aim is to ensure that development is being promoted and that every child is included within our society. The studies give information for human/childhood behaviour, attitudes, thought patterns, predictions, age range, gender and even cultural data; which in return allow programmes to be developed towards certain age group, gender, culture and ethnicity. The study of childhood behaviour and family is the baseline study from which theorists develop their theory. One of the main theoretical frameworks used to identify childhood and family behaviour is the social constructionism theory. Through social constructionism we are able to analyse our understanding of children and families in order to help, use and create an in depth knowledge in our work with children. It is stated that ‘Social constructionism provides us with a theoretical tool that can help us look at concepts like ‘childhood’ and how these concepts inform thinking, shapes our institutions and inform policy and practice’ (K218, Learning Guide 4, Section 4.3). It is a framework that helps us to understand ideas about childhood and families and in ways in which we can improve practices with them. With frameworks as such a more positive view is taken and the importance of families and children is taken at a high standard, tackling all issues and influe ncing practices deeply. Socially constructed views can have a huge effect on practice as it allows practitioners to be able to identify in depth any arising issues and to be able to find various methods and techniques to resolve them. In order to provide good practice it is necessary to ensure that the child’s needs are put first and are met to the highest ability. In order to put the children’s needs first, practitioners need to provide scaffolding for them ensuring they fully understand the child and are aware in detail of the support that is required. Many emotional strings are attached when working with children as they are vulnerable and unaware of life situations and these ideas give practitioners stronger connections in the way they work with them. It is stated, (K218, Learning Guide 4, Section 4.3) that ‘these social constructions of children are powerful – as many of us feel very strongly when we see images of children and young people in positions of vulnerabilityâ€℠¢. Working in an environment with children creates a raft of new ideas as day to day issues may arise, which in time help in overcoming barriers, developing a better working environment. As well as this due to the lack of resources within families, many of them struggle with stress and poor mental health. Therefore practitioners should prioritise children’s health and wealth being and also guide parents by working with them to access outside support and make use of resources that are accessible to them. The involvement of parents in their child’s education is vital as they have the responsibility to influence there learning by showing support at home and taking part in educational needs. Children with no support from families are vulnerable of becoming a part of the communities’ dangerous socialites. Clearly indicting, ‘A social constructionist argument here is that, the language we use actively constructs and produces the social world in which we live’(K218, Learning Guide 4, Section 4.3). The idea now of bringing agencies to support the home and child in achieving an education has increased. Further guidelines and procedures have been put in place to reach out to parents as well as to influence children in working towards leading a good life and successful future, ensuring now that the child becomes a vital member of society. With this in place, parents are trained to contribute fully, in creating a safe environment for their children, by attending works hops, open days and parent’s evenings. Working alongside families is a crucial aspect when dealing with and taking care of children. Parents, guardians and carers play a vital role in the wellbeing of their children and they must be included within every aspect and decision making any practitioners make, with regards to their children. Practitioners have a duty of providing ongoing support to families when needed in difficult situations. It is specified that, ‘it is important that practitioners are able to assess families where there are difficulties and respond appropriately’ (K218, Learning Guide 5, Section 5.5). Thus, good practice such as observing the interactions between children and parents and also observing they live and work in. must be portrayed by practitioners to influence children’s development, so that, parents are able to take good care of the upbringing of their children. This also helps pupils develop and exceed in their own educational attainments and future wellbeing. However, the main challenges for practitioners are working and dealing with parents who are difficult or unwilling to engage with services. In many situations parents disagree with the support them or their children are being given, leading to conflicting issues. There are many reasons as to why families refuse to participate with the services, which can cause several problems for practitioners in helping them maintain their lifestyles and resolving any issues they may be facing. It is identified (K218, Learning Guide 5, Section 5) ‘working with children, young people and families inevitably involves working with families who are experiencing difficulties, and practitioners need to develop the knowledge and skills to work with these families’. A number of families may feel that they know what is best for their children and therefore are not in need of any help. As well as this many have a lack of trust in the ‘systems’ put in place, which may be due to previ ously bad experiences. To influence practices these issues need to be taken into consideration by practitioners and the knowledge of these situations needs to be a key principle. Over the years, there have been many labels attached to the concepts of childhood and families. The most common label attached to children is disability. The idea of labelling influences practice vastly when working with children and families, as being labelled as disabled often leaves children feeling separated and being looked upon differently within the society, meaning parents needing extra support it taking care of their children. ‘Supporting families where there is an identified need means working with the family as a whole rather than focusing on the needs of one member as opposed to another, although practitioners still have an obligation to assess the needs of the child’ (K218, Learning Guide 5, Section 5.4). In certain circumstances a lot of responsibility comes on the practitioners as they have to work closely alongside the family and a lot of other professionals to ensure the children are developing both mentally and physically. Those with disabilities are in need of extra attention and the need to feel included in order for them to cope. The impact this has on the child’s life can be minimised and improved through resources and professional support from practitioner agencies. The surveillance of children, young people and families has a huge impact on influencing practice. There are many advantages of the use of surveillance, through surveillance we are able to monitor families and children and identify problems they may be facing. One of the main advantages is being able to observe in detail the development of children ensuring that they are protected from any harm. Garret, 2004 ‘links the increased surveillance of children not only to the belief that children need to be protected, but also to the belief that young people need to properly prepared for the world of work, so that they can function in the ‘flexible’ labour market’ (Arai, 2011) As well as this families health and wellbeing can also be closely monitored and with the information given, sufficient amount of support can be provided. With this idea there are also some implications which families go through. One of the main issues is the pressure practitioners, families a nd children face in being looked upon continuously. If a family has been assessed as being in need of monitoring they then have to go through a lot of procedures and regular visits being observed thoroughly. With the use of social constructivist frameworks and through intense studies, programmes are piloted and when deemed successful it is then used in all institutions, via insets/training. Piloted scheme are used quite often base from studies conducted from different childhood experiences and a variety of families situations. Recently, awareness has been raised with the major changes families and children face. ‘These changes in society, family structure, attitudes and practice mean that children and young people have diverse experiences of family life’ (K218, Learning Guide 5, Section 5.2). With this board pictures and feedback from surveys, it is tailor made and created into programmes from life cases studies. Without ideas/cases studies from those areas the programmes are not reliable and success isn’t certain. One of the key challenges is responding to diversity in parenting within practice and assessment. Diversity is sometimes a difficult concept for practitioners to deal with. It is stated ‘Practitioners need to think carefully about the assumptions they make about people to make sure they treat everyone with respect and work to promote equality in the treatment and opportunities offered to all children, young people and families’ (K218, Learning Guide 6, Section 6.1). To influence practice it is necessary that practitioners promote equality and diversity within the working environment. In the Leith example we saw how, due to the social and economic changes, a more diverse community had been created in which children and young people were growing up in. The media as we know plays a huge part in exposing information and opinions on children and young people. The way in which they are seen, often has a huge impact on the way they are treated and taken care of, when working with them. To be able to work effectively with them practitioners need to adapt a positive approach and can influence the decisions taken on their behalf and how the rest of the community see them. ‘Participation involves sharing images and headlines about children and young people as well as discussing discourses of childhood and youth’(K218, Learning Guide 4, Section 4.4). The media can help in reminding people that children deserve to be respected and are permitted to equal rights as well as raising an awareness of their needs. Through the media, we are able to visualise children in depth, showing a clear understanding and seeking out ways to tackle difficult issues in order to influence practice. To be able to work effectively with them practitioner s need to adapt a positive approach by allowing the opportunity for them to be able to speak up for themselves. Our ideas of childhood and families come across a variety of experiences brought forward throughout the centuries. Working alongside families and their children has now become a central focus in ensuring their needs are being fulfilled. Many codes of practice, frameworks and guidelines have been set out to ensure good practice is being influenced conducted across all institutions to send forth a uniformed approach to the people being serviced. The change in perspective and thought about childhood and families, when designing service plans, the need of the individual, educational programme, and policy and funding decisions. In the delivery of a quality service, practitioners have to put them self aside; their crucial thinking, the way of doing things in order to best understand the people they service. With regards to the cultural differences studied, the practitioners now develop an in depth understanding behind their actions. This eliminates stereotypes and al service providers to e mbrace the diversity of young people’s cultures. References Arai, L. (2011) ‘The Surveillance of children, young people and families’ in O’Dell L. and Leverett S. (eds) Working With Children and Young People, Basingstoke, Palgrave Macmillan/ Milton Keynes, The Open University. Kellett, J. and Apps, J. (2011) ‘Assessments of parenting and parenting support need’; in K218 Reading, Working with Children, Young People and Families, Milton Keynes, The Open University. The Open University (2011) K218 Working with Children, Young People and Families, Learning Guide 4 ‘Children, young people, childhood and youth’, The Open University, https://learn2.open.ac.uk/ mod/oucontent/view.php?id=573719 [Accessed 29 December 2014] The Open University (2011) K218 Working with Children, Young People and Families, Learning Guide 5 ‘Children, young people’s and families’ wellbeing’, The Open University, https://learn2.open.ac.uk/ mod/oucontent/view.php?id=604592 [Accessed 29 December 2014] The Open University (2011) K218 Working with Children, Young People and Families, Learning Guide 6 ‘Diversity, inequalities and rights’, The Open University, https://learn2.open.ac.uk/mod/ oucontent/view.php?id=580650 [Accessed 29 December 2014]

Essays --

In this paper I will be discussing the topic of if being a Leader is natural or if a Leader can be made. If leadership can be taught, there are several ideas that have to be done. First there would have to be leadership teachers, or people who have some sort of knowledge of leading and can teach this to others. Second, someone would need to want to learn and believe that leadership education can help them become a leader. In my opinion I believe a leader is born and is someone who just has the instincts to lead others or take charge of a situation. I believe that there are classes that can help people become more secure in interacting with others and working in certain situations that can help them manage, But when the going gets tough I think that someone that has just been taught certain traits will not be able to handle the heat. A Leader in my opinion just has the instincts to adapt to all situations and deal with it the best way possible. Some ideas that someone can become or be taught how to be a leader are that you just need the proper teachers or strategy, for example the U...

Discrimination and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 Essay

The South was racially biased for years after the Civil War. The Southern states would create legislation to enact â€Å"Jim Crow† laws upon the black community. Segregation was at its peak in the United States and the black community had been oppressed long enough. Conforming to the segregated South only caused hostility. The government that recognized blacks as members of society ignored them. In fact, the government that could protect the black community from the violence incurred by terrorist groups was often members of the groups themselves. Rebellion was the only and final option. In order for the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to be ratified by Congress, the black community needed to rebel against the â€Å"Jim Crow† laws of the South, the violence invoked by hate organizations, as well as (with assistance from white college students) the hypocrisies of the United States government. Jim Crow became a general term used in the South to refer to the segregation and discrimination laws that affected African-American life. The name originated from â€Å"an 1832 song called Jump Jim Crow by Thomas Rice† (Hillstrom 9). The song may have been named after a slave that Rice knew or from the expression â€Å"black as a crow†. The main purpose of Jim Crow laws was to segregate and disenfranchise the black community. During the Jim Crow era, â€Å"various states passed laws that banned blacks from hospitals, schools, parks, theaters, and restaurants† (Hillstrom 9). In all cases, the facilities marked colored  were noticeably inferior to the whites. Many cities and states would ratify their own specific Jim Crow laws. Some laws such as blacks having to cross the street when a white woman, on the same sidewalk, was walking toward them or â€Å"maintaining a separate building, on separate ground, for the admission, care, instruction, and support of all blind persons of colored or black race† (Bell 4) were absurd. In the summer of 1955, a 14-year-old boy was brutally beaten and killed for allegedly whistling at a white woman. The husband and brother-in-law of the woman were charged with murder but were acquitted of all charges after only sixty minutes of deliberation. In an interview months later, with protection from the Constitutional clause of double jeopardy, both brothers openly admitted, without remorse, to maiming and killing the boy. The quick deliberation and acquittal outraged the country and helped to energize the Civil Rights Movement. The Jim Crow laws were progressively getting worse for the black community. Lawmakers needed to be black, or abolitionists, in order for the laws to change. Rebellion by way of the ballot box was the answer. In The United States, the democratic process is supposed to allow voters a chance to correct social injustices. Citizens within the black community should have the ability to vote black candidates into office. Blacks could elect city council members, mayors, judges, and even state representatives. But in Mississippi the people in power, all of whom were white, denied blacks the opportunity to vote. The white community believed that if blacks achieved the right to vote, they would make up the majority. The black majority would force out the racist whites from power and change the social injustices. Mississippi Senator Eugene Bilbo stated, â€Å"If you let a few (blacks) register to vote this year, next year there will be twice as many, and the first thing you know, the whole thing will be out of hand† (Aretha 20). The black community needed to vote in order to achieve change. Without the right to vote, segregation and the disenfranchisement of African-Americans would cease to change. The southern-white lawmakers created a complicated system to keep African-Americans from voting. â€Å"White local and state officials systematically kept blacks from voting through formal methods, such as poll taxes and literacy tests† (Summer 1964). The literacy test prevented even educated African-Americans from achieving voter registration. The test required voters to â€Å"read and interpret a section of the state constitution to the â€Å"satisfactory† of the registrar† (Aretha 21). This allowed â€Å"white registrars to decide whether or not a person passed. Most blacks, even those with doctoral degrees, failed† (Cozzens 1). Fear was a constant tactic for the racist south. Black applicants â€Å"had to give, under oath, information about his or her address, employment, and family members. This information would then be given to the applicants employer, the KKK, and other organizations† (Let Freedom Ring 149). Having the bravery to rebel against society, by registering to vote, caused many blacks to fear retaliation from the KKK and their employer. In the post-Civil War era many white Southerners resented the changes imposed by the Union. In the years during Reconstruction, terrorist groups sprang up all over the south. The Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and the White Citizens Council, â€Å"the uptown Klan†, which was often made up of sheriffs, doctors, lawyers, and even mayors, quickly gain thousands of members across the south. The KKK had four explicit tactics in their war against blacks, â€Å"First was cross burning, second would be the burning and dynamiting of houses and buildings, third was flogging, and the Fourth was extermination† (Watson 143). In 1964, a single Mississippian county had â€Å"37 churches and 30 black homes and businesses were firebombed or burned, and the cases often went unsolved† (Summer 1964). Hate crimes were becoming increasingly common and extremely brutal throughout the South. The black community needed and sought change. After many years of brutality and hatred, many blacks believed they were inferior to whites. To combat the inferiority thought, Bob Moses created â€Å"Freedom Schools† and community centers open to the black community. â€Å"The community centers would offer facilities limited by the Jim Crow system: libraries, arts and crafts, daycare, and literacy classes† (Burner 124). Freedom Schools taught students African-American history and current events. Moses saw the Freedom Schools â€Å"as an opportunity to teach the â€Å"politics of Mississippi† and begin to build a core of educated leadership in the state† (Burner 124). Members of SNCC and CORE believed that rebellion was a necessity, and rebelling with nonviolent methods would allow the nation to see the atrocities inflicted in the south. In order to gain momentum, the black community needed assistance from the federal government and the national media. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) came to the forefront for reform. In 1961, seven blacks and six whites tested the federal law, which called for the desegregation on interstate travel. Called the Freedom Riders, thirteen people â€Å"rode buses into the south, daring the federal government to enforce the law. The Freedom Riders were arrested in North Carolina, beaten by mobs in South Carolina, and saw their buses fire bombed in Alabama† (Watson 24). The thirteen men rode into the south with whites sitting in the back of the bus, the blacks in the front, and would use the same facilities at bus stations as stated by federal law. James Farmer, one of the thirteen riders and the director of CORE (Congress of Racial Equality) stated, â€Å"We felt we could count on the racists of the South to create a crisis so that the federal government would be compelled to enforce the law† (Cozzens 1). The rebellion of the thirteen brave men to ride into the south created the national media attention the activist desperately needed. The national media started to show the country how hypocritical the United States had become. Men of many races fought for their country in a time of war, but came home to a country that was at war within itself. In the early 1960’s, the black community rebelling for equal rights began to capture the attention of Americans across the country. 1964, a presidential election year, was a pivotal time to rebel for the African-American right to vote. For generations the south held a dominant Democratic Party. Rebelling against the injustices set by the â€Å"whites-only† Democratic Party could only be changed by use of the ballot box. Bob Moses, a member of SNCC, decided to send volunteers into Mississippi to register voters. The voter registration drive came to be known as â€Å"Freedom Summer†. Bob Moses outlined the goals of Freedom Summer as to increase black voter registration and to organize a legally constituted â€Å"Freedom Democratic Party† to compete with the whites-only Democratic Party. Moses instructed recruits, â€Å"Don’t come to Mississippi this summer to save the Mississippi Negro. Only come if you understand, really understand, that his freedom and yours are one† (Aretha 41). To achieve the attention of the national media, Moses and other members of SNCC decided to recruit white college students from the north. â€Å"Violence against Northern Whites would at least get Mississippi on the nightly news† (Rachall 173). Children of the dominant social class, rebelling against their parents and the accepted society of the south, in fact attracted national attention. Moses stated, â€Å"These students bring the rest of the country with them. They are from good schools and their parents are influential. The interest of the country is awakened and when that happens, the government responds† (Aretha 30). Rebelling against the hypocrisies of their nation, their parents, and even society, white college students came by the hundreds to volunteer for â€Å"Freedom Summer†. Volunteers went to Oxford, Ohio, currently the campus of Miami University, for a weeklong orientation. Volunteers were not going to be paid and would need to support themselves. They were told to bring money for living expenses, bail, and even medical bills if necessary. The volunteers had to be prepared for death. James Forman, of SNCC, told the volunteers, â€Å"I may be killed, you may be killed, the whole staff may be killed† (Cozzens 3). The students were told that if arrested, go to jail quietly. The authorities would have cause to react violently if volunteers were to resist. The national media and the south would exploit the aggression and discredit the actions of a nonaggressive rebellion. Rebellious college students used Hitler and Mussolini’s ideologies, fascism and the idea of a united master race, as a direct correlation to what was happening to blacks in the South. World War II was only twenty years prior and the Cold War was just beginning. Many Americans still held hostility towards Germany and the idea of racial class distinctions. The spread of communism and Nuclear War were constant backdrops to every evening newscast. If the United States could announce to the world their â€Å"Policy of Containment† then the world should hear about hypocrisy within the United States. The Blacks and volunteers used the memories of the war to prove how fascist ideas were being entertained. Rebelling and protesting would allow the world to see the deceitful ways America. In June 1964 rebellion against hate crimes, voter rights, and the segregation of blacks was underway. A Michigan State student said of their arrival in Mississippi, â€Å"The greyhound bus dropped us off on a residential street, we had no idea where we were. Almost immediately we found ourselves being circled by pickup trucks with rifles and big dogs in the back† (Aretha 47). Jane Adams, Southern Illinois University, stated, â€Å"Mississippi had geared up for war. They saw us as invaders coming in for a complete assault on their way of life. Everybody on both sides expected that there would be a bloodbath. We all expected we could die† (Aretha 47). Two white men and a black man rebelling against southern society were easy targets for police. Two white men, Michael Schwerner and Andrew Goodman, as well as a black volunteer James Chaney were last seen going to a bombed out church to offer their condolences to the congregation and to offer their assistance with the investigation. The men disappeared after being singled out by the racist authorities. The next day, staff called police when the three men failed to check in at their headquarters. The police, often members of the KKK, often used their authority to invoke fear into both black and white volunteers. KKK pamphlets declared, â€Å"We are now in the midst of the long, hot summer of agitation which was promised to the Innocent People of Mississippi by the savage blacks and their communist masters† (Watson 142). After the disappearance of Schwerner, Goodman, and Chaney, President Johnson and the FBI became involved. The story of the missing, as well as the peaceful rebellion, quickly gained national attention. Two of the men’s skin color became a key factor for the instant media. Rita Shwerner declared, â€Å"We all know that the search with hundreds of sailors is because my husband and Goodman are white. If only Chaney was involved, nothing would have been done† (Rachal 168). The media may have not paid much attention if only a black man went missing. The media told the story of the missing men on nationally televised nightly newscasts and public outcry immediately followed. Finally the south received assistance from the federal government. Lyndon Johnson sent hundreds of men from the military to search for the three men. As the search went on, the Mississippi Governor and a member of the White Citizens Council exclaimed, â€Å"Of course I don’t approve of murder, but those kids were asking for trouble† (Aretha 50). The shot and beaten bodies of the missing men were found after a month. It later surfaced that the local police arrested the three men for speeding. After dark, the police released the men to the KKK. Eighteen men were originally arrested but only a few were convicted and served light sentences. Finally in 2005, 41 years after the murders, Edgar Ray Killen was convicted of manslaughter and sentenced to three life sentences, without the possibility of parole, to be served in succession. After the deaths of Schwerner, Goodman, and Chaney was the perfect time for blacks to rebel louder. To achieve the voting rights for the segregated community, the rebellious blacks and whites created a stronger alliance than ever before. By coming together, the black community showed America that the rebellion would not end until equal rights and the ability to vote was achieved. The summer of 1964 became the high water mark for equal rights in America. â€Å"Freedom Summer† along with nonviolent protests across the south lead to the signing of Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act of 1965. The Voting Rights Act â€Å"prohibits voting practices or procedures that discriminate on the basis of race, color. Discrimination to voting applies nationwide to any voting standard, practice, or procedure that results in the denial of the right of any citizen to vote. Section 2 is permanent and has no expiration date† (Section 2). Rebellion was a necessity to end the disenfranchisement of the African-American community. Rebellion for the black community was not to conform to the racist south, but to consciously do the opposite. Without rebellion and bravery the south may have never changed. Volunteer Bruce Hartford professed, â€Å"We used to say: If you don’t like the history they’re teaching you in school, go out and make some of your own† (Aretha 35).